1979 Topps

Total Cards: 726

Rating: 7.4 (170 votes)
Rate this set...

*Clicking on this affiliate link and making a purchase can result in this site earning a commission

Set Links

- Overview
- Checklist
- Teams
- Errors / Variations
- Hall of Famers
- Rookies
- Inserts and Related Sets
- Comments
- Packaging
- Pricing
- Sell Sheets / Ads
- Trivia
- Videos
- Forum
- External Links
- Change Log
- Contributors
- Glossary
- Gallery
- Card Rankings
- Collection Summary

Set Links

Overview | Checklist | Teams | Errors / Variations | Hall of Famers | Rookies | Inserts and Related Sets | Comments | Packaging | Pricing | Sell Sheets / Ads | Trivia | Videos | Forum | External Links | Change Log | Contributors | Glossary | Gallery | Card Rankings | Collection Summary

1979 Topps

#652 - Stan Papi RC

Collections | Wantlists | For Sale/Trade | In-Transit

 QuantityMember
1. 04 microsprint
2. 14Fusionguy
3. 1Cubs
4. 1osfan
5. 2008Pony
6. 2outRBI
7. 49ants
8. 4TheLoveOfTheCard
9. 75Fever
10. 77topps
11. 88gibby
12. 95 Braves
13. AAARRT
14. aaherzog
15. Aaron1970
16. aarondalin
17. abcyates
18. Acantres
19. ACBeatty6
20. acc10t
21. Adajel
22. AdamBombsz
23. Adams23
24. aee
25. Aftony26
26. aint56cool
27. AirBourn
28. airkill
29. akidwell72
30. AKoman1414
31. Alan Bundy
32. alandrob
33. alburke111
34. Aldo
35. Alex Matthew
36. alh
37. Alidethekid
38. amilespsu
39. AndrewR
40. andydruding
41. Anelie
42. anparisi30
43. apajak
44. applejack1963
45. AQsDad
46. Arby85
47. archinth
48. art_cockerham
49. Arthur4
50. Artisan
51. Aschroyer
52. AtlChris1970
53. avsbruins65
54. Awalton83
55. AWRehn
56. azooked
57. BAHall
58. Ballfan
59. barefoot108
60. baronn
61. basebalbob
62. BaseballDave
63. BaseballNick1283
64. basecardhero
65. BasementCardCollectr
66. Bassbunny22
67. batross25
68. BB Guy
69. bbeightol1
70. bblair24
71. bbrody
72. bcmeeker
73. bcunningham1975
74. BDillman
75. bdj610
76. Beagleshortstop
77. beano56
78. Bearded Carnivore
79. BecandLil Cards
80. beckle15
81. beefman138
82. BeerRun
83. Bench1975
84. Benh24
85. bergquister
86. BertCampaneris19
87. Berton Russell
88. bewalk02
89. bfife68
90. bfredricks
91. bgalasso
92. BGerhard
93. bgron2194
94. bhaney
95. Bhickerson
96. bigbob8188
97. bigbrother43913
98. bigdaddy
99. Bigdaddymac25
100. bigslick445
101. bigwavedave60061
102. Billw
103. bissettjoe
104. bjltrey
105. Bjott
106. bjoura
107. bkallback
108. BKESV
109. bkim
110. bkrementz
111. Bkweaves
112. blabreck
113. Bldrprof
114. BlessYouBoys
115. BlueGray
116. Bluehawk3434
117. Bluejeepx
118. Bluescards
119. bluffben
120. Bnbsmith358
121. BNWallgren1220
122. BOBAMET
123. bobberkill
124. BobbyL
125. bobkim
126. bobvrtis
127. Bocce420
128. BooBoo0689
129. bookmmurtland
130. Boots
131. bpaul14
132. bpoday
133. bpost
134. Brad Smola
135. BradLeonidas
136. BradSei
137. Brandon Miller
138. Braveheart
139. Brett924
140. brianJ83
141. Bric
142. brisco93
143. BristolBob
144. BrittWorsh
145. Brko
146. brnkeux
147. Bruce Hearse
148. Bs Cards
149. bseller
150. BSwagger
151. BTurenne
152. BubbaV304
153. buc2220
154. Bucknutt2008
155. Buckweaver1917
156. bucstallicafan90
157. bunkle
158. Burchjohn
159. Burnsie
160. Burnsie42
161. bwright71
162. cabz05
163. cal-sru9093
164. Calleyoop
165. Calyanksfan
166. CandyceSmith
167. cansofcorn
168. CAP7JAN5295
169. capsboy
170. CaptainRage
171. Cardboard Treasure$
172. CardCollector74
173. CardFlipper403
174. Cardiac attack
175. CardinalSauce
176. cardlibrary
177. Cardsmith
178. Cardsrule
179. Carl Howerton
180. carlsonjok
181. Carltopia
182. Carmike813
183. catchfrase
184. cateck33
185. cbelmont
186. CCD
187. cckeith
188. ccrombar
189. cdbritton
190. cdmunn
191. cdnsafetypro
192. cdorso
193. cdpotter
194. cerealcarpons04
195. cfawv10
196. Cfoster11_23
197. Chad Scott
198. chadslagter
199. chamilton78
200. cheferic1966
201. chemistclete
202. Chemo
203. ChineseGandalf
204. Chinmusic
205. Chip Tate
206. chnuge82
207. Chuck Pursell
208. Circle323
209. cjbronson
210. cjjt
211. ClanycFrye
212. cleankicks79
213. Clearysj
214. Clint Turner
215. clmdesign
216. Clydem1
217. cmalloyy
218. Cmm75
219. Cmvorce
220. CoachJohnJordan
221. Coachmike
222. CoachScott89
223. CoastalAstros
224. colinefitzner
225. colinkennedy81
226. collector7874
227. colonel98801
228. completeset_chris
229. computerbaseballgeek
230. Cookusu88
231. Cove67
232. cptainmorgan
233. cptainmorgan72
234. cptnkdd
235. craigh2373
236. craigriddle
237. cransbot
238. crashdavis28
239. Crea
240. Crobinso
241. Croft
242. csclinebelle
243. csmith2112
244. Cubbie10
245. cubbyblue34
246. CubinSTLsets
247. Cubman
248. Cubs99
249. cubsnchiefs65
250. Cubswin43
251. cupchamps9192
252. curl192000
253. cvkane1981
254. Cwebb53
255. dadofanth
256. dambr1490
257. Damon
258. Dan Jacobson
259. Dan Kelly
260. dandmhaag
261. danla42
262. danmanzo
263. Dannyboy7736
264. darekgw
265. DarrinD
266. Dave Straw
267. DaveK_ND
268. daver131
269. Davespar
270. David Partlow
271. David657
272. davidandrew21
273. davidfcrislip
274. dcm55343
275. ddoerflinger
276. deallison
277. Dean28
278. deasley_1
279. Dennisc71
280. dettigersmlb
281. Dewey24sox
282. DGOAT
283. dgoodaker
284. dhartway
285. dheim1220
286. dhiphoppy
287. Diablo840
288. DiamondAce
289. Dickie_leon
290. djhenry1971
291. DJLFC
292. dkarsko
293. dlmoglia
294. dmarek
295. Dmbramer
296. dmcint68
297. dmundle
298. DocOso
299. dolfaninsd1
300. Donald68
301. Donaldlee83
302. DonChounard
303. DOpheim
304. DoubleD76
305. doug5138
306. Dr3k11
307. dreaston
308. DrEvil27
309. Dritto
310. Drkevin1976
311. drumzguy73
312. dsorek
313. dthompso555
314. dthompson72
315. duck10182
316. Duffy20
317. DukeyDevil
318. dwunder20
319. dwwallace
320. e2cards
321. Easy30
322. Ebarr99
323. EBlackadder
324. edk
325. edsekula
326. egkeir
327. Egon316
328. eightyFive Strat
329. ejholmes76
330. Elliott71
331. EMeyer019
332. EmPCollector
333. epearson329
334. Ericb336
335. ericdnpc
336. erikc67
337. erikmshapiro
338. eshields
339. Euklid
340. euqubud
341. EveryLastCard
342. exiled
343. Expos1990
344. fallenbench
345. FAMDaddy
346. family1
347. FatherJames
348. fcantone
349. fievoli
350. FilledWLead
351. Finster278
352. fishingredsfan
353. fleerfan
354. FlyingDutchmen
355. Foul5Ball
356. foyez13
357. Frank Finman
358. freiborg
359. Frenchosa
360. FREST57
361. Fshand
362. G Train
363. G1BBY15
364. Gabriel Miller
365. Gabriel Scalise
366. Galtview
367. garboon10
368. Gary Elkins
369. Garygriv
370. Gasypo30
371. Gator415
372. genecydal
373. GeoGeo
374. George Hayes
375. GeorgeMiller1977
376. Georgeusmcssgt
377. geritanok1
378. gettaklu
379. gfrizzle
380. gigio67
381. Gildog
382. git
383. Giuma01
384. Glory21
385. gmang05
386. gnettlesfan
387. Gobo
388. GoldenEagles555
389. gopher1984
390. gormanvj
391. gpfaball
392. gr8scott
393. Grandpoopah
394. grantmollett
395. GraysonWL
396. GreenHornet70
397. Greenies
398. gregalvarez7
399. GregB
400. grhgilbert
401. griffey423
402. grogg
403. grooveseeker
404. grumar
405. gs1342
406. GSap7169
407. GSaponaro6971
408. gsgourley1
409. GSOUDERS21
410. GTORagtop
411. gtq
412. guido2cheeks
413. gwg1967
414. gwhy11
415. Haddixco
416. hafengr
417. hailsezr
418. Halfnard
419. Hdcbac
420. heimermo
421. hemmel
422. Heredia
423. hess66
424. HEW1963
425. hlpjr1964
426. hockeymedic25
427. HomeCourt724
428. HookedSince68
429. Hoot
430. houseofbayne
431. howe9909
432. hplaptopguy
433. htownhomer
434. Hultberg16
435. Hutchison
436. Hutcvh
437. ibby001
438. Ickarus
439. idahokev
440. IfbBirdsCards
441. Illiniwek
442. ISSOAD
443. ivywalls
444. J-Rod The Collector
445. jacob711
446. Jadk2005
447. jake1230
448. JamesCoppola
449. jameswang90
450. Jansen8105
451. Jar9902
452. jarhead
453. jaslerx
454. Jason Potila
455. JasonG
456. jaswanson0115
457. Jay Tinney
458. jayoneill
459. jaysee88
460. JBorowicz
461. Jbrewer
462. jcardinale
463. jcouvy
464. Jdmcards
465. Jdogbarkn2
466. jeags
467. jeboyes
468. jedidodger
469. jeff davis
470. Jeff Edwards
471. JEFFGOEKE
472. jeffl62
473. Jefflap68
474. JeffreyMGeorge
475. JEGoethe
476. jekuepker
477. jenkoplz
478. Jessefar1983
479. jessefarmer1234
480. jessefarmer12345
481. JFENWICK
482. jferrin
483. jfinkstl
484. jflan702
485. Jgamble
486. jgbergstedt
487. jgw1966
488. JHaley
489. JHamill
490. Jhanse
491. jhnlbrts
492. Jhurrell
493. jimetal7212
494. jjf2121
495. jjmcg
496. jjones166
497. jkeever
498. JKusch33
499. Jlaaker
500. jlcre2003
501. jlellenson
502. jlhalle1
503. jligon
504. jljames82
505. Jloyer
506. Jlynn75
507. jmichael110
508. jmiller4
509. Jmotts17
510. Jnels
511. jnhk
512. joe0786
513. joegriffo
514. Joel Freedman
515. joepugusa
516. John Burris
517. John Mullins
518. John Stanforth
519. John5150
520. JohnAdams88
521. johnleblanc
522. JohnnyMack55
523. johnnystradingspot
524. johnsotm
525. JonField
526. jonmhein
527. Joseph Maiorano
528. Josephine
529. jowe10
530. Jpiniero
531. jpr894
532. JPSwanson91
533. jrajjkscrt
534. jramundson
535. jrb1
536. Jrgemologi
537. JRheault
538. JRKENNEDY59
539. jrl9black
540. jrngolf6894
541. jrock24
542. jroth
543. jsands627
544. JSlizeski
545. jthomas29
546. JTysver
547. juggernaut36
548. Just_A_Dude
549. justin9
550. JustinBeights
551. juzthavinfun
552. jw20
553. jweber279
554. JWFruth
555. jwpalmer20
556. jzeiter
557. JZVINTAGE
558. K-Nole
559. k2ms7752
560. Kalcott
561. Kaline6
562. karsal
563. katieneack
564. KC's Kards
565. KCCardTrader
566. kcjays
567. kdogg23
568. KeDo
569. Keenan5
570. KeithPatrick
571. kellys
572. Ken Wegener
573. kenjihall
574. kensai
575. kents_stuff
576. KGTCards
577. killtee
578. kimmie1020
579. kiwirazor
580. klewis1477
581. klimczak
582. klitz33
583. kluth
584. KMack
585. kmaese24
586. knighthawk40
587. kotite_lookalike
588. kpmcmullin
589. KPOPE
590. Ksh23kj
591. kskillman42
592. Ksu_lee
593. Kurt Albert
594. kurtmichael
595. Kuruko Darkwolf
596. Kx2xxm
597. KYCOL
598. La Loosh
599. Ldl236
600. ldtaft
601. LeahMoon
602. LeeBurleson
603. LeeForleo
604. lefty25
605. Leftydunc
606. leftyscore
607. Leithal34
608. leviforkey
609. LightzZ
610. lildog7
611. lneiman57
612. loach
613. lohara79
614. lostsoul4146
615. Louie 1964
616. LoveBBCards
617. lpb331
618. LR2008
619. lsouthard
620. Lubo
621. Lutkowski
622. Lwagner57
623. lworkin
624. lxnlxn
625. LysaE
626. madams30
627. Magnet99
628. Magoo82005
629. mailancholy
630. maildude44
631. marcbrubaker
632. MarcoD70
633. masa
634. masterBB@cwebb
635. matt2
636. matthewcards
637. mattice06082
638. Mattyc1
639. MAWendt
640. Mawoodard
641. MaxPower1990
642. Mccammon44
643. MCCARTHY399
644. mciccolini
645. MCJP300
646. Mclanes
647. mddcpa1
648. mdoug18217
649. mendoza_
650. mep1719
651. Metalguru
652. mfeik
653. mgratton
654. mheilenman
655. mhj41201
656. mhupright
657. MICHAEL HOLMAN
658. michaelnelson
659. michwolv95
660. mickeydamitt
661. Midnight0507
662. Mightyquinn
663. Miguel
664. Mike Chiappetta
665. Mike Conners
666. Mike DiFiore
667. Mike Ikerd
668. Mike67
669. Milkpig68
670. millrat99
671. mitchgrider
672. Mizzouman17
673. Mjprigge
674. mkoehler
675. mkolbe315
676. mmarbs
677. mmayes
678. mmurtland
679. Mokolai
680. Monster1979
681. MonteP
682. Morgath
683. Motorcat
684. MoTown Cards
685. mp775
686. MPHollrah
687. mrauch3389
688. mrcharliebrown
689. MrMidgrade
690. mro255
691. mrpcollectibles11
692. mrrcpa2428
693. mry1972
694. MsAlley
695. Mseg09
696. mslobojan
697. msvoboda27
698. mundytw
699. Mungo Hungo
700. muskie027
701. Muzzy
702. mvkajsk
703. mw_from_ga
704. Mwheeler1981
705. MWinters
706. mwmurasky
707. mycards1
708. MySportsObsession
709. nannema
710. nbrennan
711. ncfruhead
712. Newtimes
713. nic2131
714. nicksdaddy
715. Nickster8074
716. night owl
717. ninojsl
718. nipspin
719. njmatt04
720. NKeller33
721. Normscards
722. Noy
723. nvpolterg
724. nyp1179
725. nyygregory
726. NYYJMM
727. OB4AU
728. obxyankeefan
729. OdieO
730. odrivero
731. Offthewall
732. oiler4life
733. Old Man
734. OldEnough2BVintage
735. Oldschoolcards
736. olerud363
737. OogaBooga
738. OP_Cards
739. orioles70
740. otisthelab
741. otrem72
742. Outsidecomic
743. oxiswedloe
744. p_dawg68
745. Packsux
746. Papahooks
747. PartagasX
748. PastaBoy
749. Pat Rapper's Delight
750. PaulGebauer
751. PCM1615!
752. pdmkam
753. Peace
754. pearsth
755. Pedulla85
756. Perk336
757. peterhue
758. petesfishing
759. petethan55
760. philhigh
761. Philpott
762. Philwi
763. pistonfan2000
764. Pixcey17
765. plus1hdcp
766. polandm1
767. poncalu
768. poniesqb11
769. popeye2530
770. poppadingo
771. Porter
772. postal69
773. ppercy888
774. prfuller14
775. price45
776. Pricemaster
777. Pricemaster2
778. ProfScott63
779. prowler911
780. puckhead63901
781. pucklord333
782. Puma1125
783. Puppy914
784. Racerdb
785. Radamson64
786. RAholt
787. RALLISON824
788. randjhopkins
789. randylaw
790. ranfordfan
791. Rangersteve7
792. ravenfaith77
793. Raymets1
794. RaysFanNC
795. rbernhardy
796. Rdbade
797. RdSxNut
798. redlegs_baseball
799. Redmiller
800. Redsox1again
801. Redsox423
802. RedSoxChip
803. redswalker
804. remy
805. Reperio
806. revmattmitchell
807. Rexrich20
808. Rgriego
809. rhays
810. RHIT4188
811. Rich1979
812. RichGrimmel
813. Rickac99
814. rickh33
815. rickhillusa
816. Rickphils
817. ricktopps
818. RICKY58
819. Rimar1955
820. riozzij
821. RJeng
822. rjfisher2
823. rjk153
824. rkughen
825. rmayne
826. RMC
827. rmheller
828. rmitchell6700
829. Rnc18
830. rob hammond
831. Rob23$
832. robglessner
833. RockyLaddo
834. Roda83
835. roethlerb
836. Rohold
837. rokrobster
838. RollingThunder88
839. Ron52372
840. Ronb0815
841. RonEaston
842. Ronsbbcards
843. RonSchroeder
844. Roofshot
845. rootbeercamel
846. Rooty10
847. rose city
848. Rows_of_legends
849. rpiesla5305
850. RReyore
851. rrk1918
852. Rtbowling
853. rtomcanin_1
854. rtrimbath
855. rudecal
856. runger10940
857. rushrules
858. russkrieg
859. rwatson1411
860. RWBradley
861. rwschumacher
862. RyanFrueh
863. RYANLSIMMONS
864. Ryans0625
865. s44watson
866. SABRLeef55
867. Sailor Frank
868. Sailor Kris
869. salarsen18
870. salgiametta
871. Saltire
872. Samiam737
873. sandyrusty
874. saulr
875. sav39
876. Saxman777
877. sborger65
878. schwitz
879. Scoop
880. scoop421
881. Scott
882. Scott Taylor
883. scottg
884. scottg322
885. scotthinson2154
886. scottr73
887. Scottzoe
888. scrubeenie
889. SeaKing
890. SeanpattyB
891. seaver78
892. sebaggie
893. Secker875
894. Set_Builder
895. sfcwebb7206
896. sfhoo2000
897. sfisheriii
898. sgirard3
899. SGSCards
900. shadowblind
901. shafer_a1
902. Shane715
903. shawnski
904. Shawnt1679
905. ShlabotnikReport
906. Simsy
907. sixfourthree3023
908. SJensen
909. sjursen
910. Skateduff
911. Skillmaster208
912. skywarp05
913. sloppydj
914. Smadams1969
915. Smedrock1234
916. smittysox04
917. smjgoblue
918. smshannon77
919. Snagglepuss
920. snocko
921. snowgoose1938
922. Soarin22
923. SoCal Brew Crew Fan
924. Sousafly
925. SoxFan70
926. sparkal
927. Sparty7799
928. Splinter_9
929. spooknegen
930. sportsjp2
931. SPORTZES
932. ssabreman
933. SShifflett
934. sspeegle
935. stab6
936. Staff23
937. StalledBobcat16
938. stamn85
939. Starrbuck
940. stchazjojo4kharvick
941. stecker7
942. Steeeve30
943. stengals
944. Steve Szluck
945. Steve-o
946. steve31624
947. stevefast1963
948. stevejess64
949. SteveSports
950. Stevewantsthese
951. Stevie Jay
952. stillsallman
953. storrez926
954. Strongchris
955. Struttmann
956. Stuartba
957. stucenski100
958. Stupendousstu17
959. StupidSexyFlanders
960. Sturgeonfishie
961. stvargo
962. subvet29410
963. sullivan5
964. supergajit
965. suprawhitmer
966. SWATty67
967. switza
968. Sydbarrett3177
969. tanktester
970. Tapertom
971. Tassacafix
972. Tater Salad
973. tbusanic
974. TC4P
975. tcbphd
976. TChaps
977. tcornell
978. TDudley1995
979. TeamsTrading
980. Tec87
981. TeddyBallGame68
982. tedr81
983. teebonelee
984. Teesie76
985. tenoutof10
986. terleu
987. TEW111abc
988. tgreer
989. The-Cephus
990. theburn25
991. thecardattic
992. thecollectiblekid
993. TheDoug
994. theende5
995. TheHawk
996. TheHudson
997. thejeremycampbell
998. TheLSCWxMan
999. TheMacAttack25
1000. Thenoiz
1001. TheOne
1002. thestonecave
1003. threegreatgirls
1004. Tigerdrew1
1005. Tigerfan22
1006. tigerhead
1007. Tigers727
1008. Tigerwick5
1009. tikitaka
1010. timbo2301
1011. timezone110
1012. Timmyballgame
1013. timmyers15
1014. timsflatpick
1015. TimYankees
1016. tintin32
1017. Tjernst2
1018. Tjmerrick
1019. tjmowad
1020. tjstillman
1021. Tk0101
1022. Tkenumu382
1023. Tkgkc
1024. tleonard6
1025. tmanser
1026. Tmutch
1027. TnT44
1028. TnTitan1
1029. Todd2019
1030. Todd99
1031. toddoliver007
1032. ToddORourke
1033. Tom W
1034. Tombo10
1035. TomD
1036. Tommyland Cards
1037. TomSas
1038. Tony M
1039. Toppsjunkie
1040. Tourist
1041. TpocketT
1042. TraderJack
1043. trading4vintage
1044. Tratclif
1045. travis_january
1046. Trinitydawg22
1047. Trjohannes65
1048. troutmanw
1049. tsch67
1050. TTabl78232
1051. tuna930
1052. turks1966
1053. turrdog
1054. tw804
1055. twcoffee
1056. TwoSeven
1057. Twosomes cards
1058. Umpduck11
1059. Uncle Hilgy
1060. UncleFries
1061. ushojh1
1062. USNA74
1063. Uspsmac61
1064. UtterChaos
1065. Valtone1
1066. veduta1
1067. vgrugan
1068. Vintage1972
1069. VintageBraves
1070. vintagecardguy
1071. VintageRanger70
1072. VinVintage96
1073. Vvvergeer
1074. wackydog
1075. wafflestompercards
1076. walda16
1077. WallyCub
1078. Waxpack916
1079. waynebower12
1080. wbaker01
1081. webbing
1082. weekendtwo
1083. weisssj
1084. wepa
1085. wesry2b
1086. Whooch
1087. Wikitundra
1088. WJR16
1089. wmwynn1967
1090. wolfden
1091. woodmangb
1092. woods75
1093. wpolumbo
1094. WrigleyWax
1095. wwsjss
1096. yankeefan714
1097. Yankees4671
1098. Yaz1967
1099. yclept
1100. Ymmat
1101. youngercs
1102. yrrcwc
1103. z72
1104. zackenback
1105. zephan12
1106. Zippy
1107. ZoobsCards
1108. Zuph

 QuantityMember
1. EAudet77

Propose a Transaction...

Account

Collection
Forum Subscriptions
Friends
Goals
Lists
Messages
Permissions
Ratings
Saved Pack Rips
Sponsorships
Transactions

Browse

Baseball
Basketball
Boxing
Cricket
Football
Gaming
Golf
Hockey
Misc Sports
MMA
Multi-Sport
Non-Sport
Racing
Soccer
Tennis
Wrestling

Features

Card of the Day
Galleries
Games
Poll of the Day
Recently Added
Recently Collected
Rip a Pack
Site Awards
Tagged
Things To Do
Top Members
Top Searches
Top Sets
User Lists

Resources

Blogs
Card Companies
Card Shops
Card Shows
Completed Transactions
Forums
Glossary
Pricing
Release Dates

General Info

About Us
Change Log
Contact Us
FAQ
Member Directory
Privacy Policy
Sponsorships
Stats
Store
Support
Terms of Use
Upgrade to Ad-Free
User Manual
  

Copyright © 2024 Trading Card Database LLC
Designated trademarks and brands are the property of their respective owners.